The Islamic medina of Toledo was the seat of the outstanding School of Translators, under the patronage of the Banu di-l-Nun, particularly Yahya Al Mamun. Science and technology experienced a golden age, with the production of countless works. The figure of Azarquiel, astronomer, who turned Toledo and its coordinates into an international astronomical reference system, is worth mentioning. [...]

Medina developed in the Emirate period, it declared its independence from Cordoba in the twelfth century, with a second important development in the Almohad period. Of this one stands out its icon, the giralda, a minaret related to that of the Qutubiya mosque in Marrakech, and the unfinished one of Hassan II in Rabat. [...]

Several sources attribute to Bollullos an Arabic etymological origin and means 'small tower'. In any case, the Sevillian locality is a Turdetan settlement, although it preserves Islamic remains, mainly Almohad. The most significant Andalusian element is undoubtedly the minaret that still stands in the Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de Cuatrovitas, built over an ancient Almohad mosque. The beautiful complex was declared a Historic-Artistic Monument in 1931. [...]

In Elche we discovered the largest palm grove in Europe, developed in the Andalusian period, which even today continues to produce exquisite dates. In its medina, important nucleus of the Cora of Tudmir, you can visit the recovered baths, supplied by a channel that Al Idrisi mentions, for the water supply of the population. [...]

The birthplace of the famous poet-king Al Muta'mid, whose court was visited by other famous Andalusian personalities such as Azarquiel or Ibn Hazm. Its castle and walls, successively conquered by the Andalusians and Portuguese, were rebuilt several times. [...]

The Huelva town of Cortegana maintains a remarkable architectural legacy linked to the Islamic presence in the peninsular Middle Ages. In the Church of the Divine Savior, for example, there is an evident Mudejar influence, an example of the cultural symbiosis between Muslims and Christians. It is not the only Mudejar footprint in Cortegana. Numerous buildings in the municipality offer visible characteristics of Islamic origin, such as the use of brick and other decorative elements. [...]

The mosque of Almonaster la Real is one of the few remaining Islamic oratories in the rural world. Built on the remains of an ancient Visigoth basilica, it has a trapezoidal floor plan with an ablutions courtyard and a prayer room. It is an austere building of brick and granite ashlars built with material of Roman origin and Visigothic fragments. It was declared a National Monument in 1931. [...]

During its period as the capital of Abd al Rahman II, Jaén was endowed with numerous infrastructures, including the walled enclosure and the castle, the Andalusian baths, in an excellent state of preservation. The olive heritage of Jaén should not be forgotten, nor should we forget to get some bottles of olive oil for tasting. [...]

Small medina in the Andalusian period, its expansion began in the Mudejar period. The Mudejar towers and its cathedral stand out, as well as the green-manganese pottery, which continues to be the city's traditional style, with geometric, vegetal or epigraphic decoration. [...]

The Islamic presence in Portugal during the Middle Ages was significantly lower in the north of the country. Braga was conquered by the Muslims in 716 and fell into the hands of Alfonso III of Asturias just 150 years later. Its Islamic imprint, therefore, is limited. The Andalusian influence is felt mainly in architecture and urban planning, as well as in toponymy and agriculture. [...]

This Portuguese city, located in the Algarve region, in southern Portugal, has an interesting cultural legacy of Andalusian origin. In fact, it remained under Islamic rule between 713 and 1249, until its conquest by Sancho II. The Muslims introduced important advances in the field of agriculture, mainly irrigation canals, and left their mark on the toponymy. Although many vestiges of Islamic origin have been lost, the old city maintains its urban fabric of Andalusian origin. The Arab Gate of the old medieval wall is the most remarkable Islamic element that remains. [...]

Founded by Abderramán II in 825 on Roman remains, Murcia was the capital of the Cora of Tudmir and a strategic enclave of the Taifa kingdoms until the Christian conquest in 1243. Its Islamic footprint can be seen in the Alcazar Menor, as well as in the oratory and the royal pantheon of the Alcazar Mayor, which dates back to the 12th century. There are also preserved parts of the Arab wall. Recent findings have identified part of the Arrixaca suburb, in the old Andalusian neighborhood of San Esteban. [...]

This typical Andalusian village, on the way between Cordoba and Seville, was the residence of the Sufi master Shams, an extraordinary mystic of whom his disciple Ibn Arabí speaks, describing her as capable of reaching the "abode of immutable perseverance in perfection". It highlights its rehabilitated Alcazaba. [...]

Of Roman origin, the city of Valencia achieved notoriety in the Islamic period of Taifas under the control of Abd Al Aziz. Under his orders, a new defensive wall was built, the remains of which are still preserved in Ciutat Vella. El Cid Campeador took the enclave in the early eleventh century, before falling back into the hands of Almoravids and Almohads, until its conquest by James I in 1238. From the Islamic period, a surprising irrigation network of irrigation ditches and weirs has been preserved, as well as a suggestive gastronomic and toponymic legacy. [...]

The imposing Almohad wall, of which ten towers remain, protected the medina. The cistern, the cistern and the Yusuf al-Burch House (12th century dwelling) date from the same period. The medina has become a recurring film set for its medieval atmosphere. [...]

Grandiose capital of the Nasrid kingdom, in its heart is the Albayzin medina, in front of which rises the palatine city of the Alhambra. Baths, bridges, doors, every corner of Granada takes us back to its glorious moment. Not to be missed are the local handicrafts and the Alhambra bookshop, with all kinds of articles inspired by the decorations of the Nasrid palaces. [...]

Important medina in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, which retains an Andalusian urban layout surrounded by walls. The castle has a recently excavated Andalusian courtyard and a collection of stucco decorative panels. In Onda was born the famous Ibn Al Abbar, poet, historian and polymath, who signed the capitulations of Valencia. [...]

Capital of the emirate and peninsular caliphate, Cordoba is a city with an enormous cultural and monumental legacy. It boasts 4 declarations as World Heritage Site. Prominent Andalusians contributed to the development of the city. [...]

Foundation of Ibn Marwan, who develops the medina, providing it with the public services of the Islamic city: mosque, baths, citadel, walls. Later integrated into the Caliphate of Cordoba, a period in which a great academic activity developed in the medina. From the Islamic period remains the Alcazaba, restored several times, one of the oldest in the peninsula. [...]

Mértola Mértola is located in the Baixo Alentejo region, about 17 km east of the Spanish border. Since ancient times, Mértola has taken advantage of its […]

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Located in the Lisbon region, the town of Sesimbra is appreciated today for its attractive beaches. It also exhibits a significant Islamic imprint in its architectural heritage derived from the Arab conquest of the peninsula in the 8th century. The most outstanding vestige of this period is the Castle of Sesimbra, also known as Castelo dos Mouros, rebuilt centuries later after the Christian conquest. [...]

After the Muslim conquest of 711, Xátiva fortified its castles, whose splendor was already underlined by the geographer Al Idrisi. In 1094, the Almoravid troops took refuge in this Levantine enclave after the severe defeat inflicted by the Cid in the battle of Cuart. It was a pioneer in paper manufacturing in Western Europe. Its old town was declared a Historic-Artistic Site in 1982, thanks to its superb architectural heritage of religious, civil and military character. [...]

This city, capital of a small Andalusian emirate-taifa, is crowned by an imposing citadel with crenellated walls. In its day, its river port was of great importance in shipbuilding and trade. Silves is also the setting where the verses of two great figures, Al-Mu'tamid and Ibn 'Ammar, were created. [...]

It preserves remains of the layout of the medina, but the Islamic element to highlight is the Castle of Alcalatén. Its territory developed mainly agriculture and ceramics. The latter continues to be one of the main industries in the locality. [...]

It preserves one of the latest Andalusi mosques of the peninsula, since the town had a large Moorish population. You can see the mihrab and the coffered ceiling, decorated in polychrome with inscriptions in Arabic. Various Islamic talismans from the Moorish period were found hidden in a local house. [...]

This small Aragonese municipality takes its name from the Arabic ('Qala'a al Turab'), which means 'earth fortress'. Although its origin is a Celtic settlement, it does not become relevant until the Muslim conquest of Zaragoza in 714. The Christian population lived in harmony with the Muslim population until the expulsion decree in 1610. Its historical heritage includes the castle of Doña Urraca, of Mudejar and Renaissance style, and the Pilgrims' Hospital, built over the main mosque. [...]

It was conquered by Musa Ibn Nusair in 714 and governed during the 9th century by the Banu Qasi, a noble family of Visigothic origin converted to Islam. It became a Taifa kingdom until the Christian conquest in 1118. Among its superb heritage treasures, the Aljafería Palace, built by Al Muqtadir, and an exceptional Mudejar treasure whose mark permeates numerous churches declared UNESCO World Heritage Sites, stand out. [...]

There are several houses of the Andalusian settlement of XII and XIII centuries. On its former synagogue and mosque are now churches. Also Andalusian is its citadel and walls that can be visited. [...]

It was founded by Caliph Abderraman III in 955 and became the most dynamic port of Al Andalus. Its peak, however, was reached during the Taifa period, first as a commercial center of the first order, and later under the rule of the Kingdom of Granada. Its Islamic Alcazaba, built in the tenth century, is its main heritage attraction. [...]

The large size of the Islamic maqbara of Tauste indicates that it was an important town in the period of the Banu Qasi. Its medina would have a mosque, with its minaret, fountains for ablutions and a synagogue. [...]

The city in the Andalusian period The present name seems to come from the Rifian or Tamazight language Tamlilt, meaning the white one, perhaps in reference […]

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